How to get a self-employed visa in the Netherlands: requirements and business plan tips

​​The Netherlands is one of Europe’s most attractive destinations for freelancers, digital nomads, and independent professionals. With its open economy, strong infrastructure, and international outlook, it’s no surprise that many entrepreneurs want to build their careers here. But before you can start working, you’ll need to secure the proper visa, especially if you’re a non-EU/EEA citizen.

This article includes everything you need to know about the Dutch self-employed visa, including who qualifies, how to apply, what your business plan must include, and how to stay compliant with Dutch tax and legal rules. We’ll also explore how a Dutch Employer of Record (EOR) can help professionals who want the freedom of self-employment without the heavy burden of bureaucracy.

Who qualifies for the self-employed or DAFT visa in the Netherlands?

If you’re a non-EU/EEA citizen, and you plan to offer services in the Dutch market as an entrepreneur or freelancer, you’ll likely need a self-employed residence permit issued by the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND).

There are two main routes:

1. General self-employed visa

This applies to most non-EU/EEA citizens, including independent consultants, creatives, and solo entrepreneurs. Your business must offer economic value to the Dutch market, and you’ll need to pass a points-based system based on your experience, business plan, and potential to contribute to the Dutch economy.

2. DAFT visa (Dutch-American Friendship Treaty)

If you’re a US citizen, you can apply for a self-employment residence permit under the Dutch-American Friendship Treaty (DAFT). This route is more flexible: there’s no points-based system or strict review of your business plan. However, you must invest a minimum of €4,500 in a Dutch business bank account and register with the Chamber of Commerce (KvK).

For professionals considering full self-employment, this guide to registering as a freelancer (ZZP) in the Netherlands offers a clear overview of the steps and legal requirements involved.

Required documents and visa application process

To apply for either visa route, you must submit your application to the IND, along with supporting documentation. You’ll need to show that your business is viable, that it’s already operational or ready to launch, and that you’re financially self-sufficient.

Required documents typically include:

• A valid passport
• KvK (Chamber of Commerce) registration
• A well-developed business plan
• Proof of professional qualifications or experience
• Contracts or letters of intent from Dutch clients
• Proof of Dutch health insurance
• Financial documentation (bank statements, tax filings, projected income)

You can apply in the Netherlands if you’re already legally staying there (e.g. on a tourist visa or another residence permit), or from abroad through a Dutch embassy. Processing times vary, but approvals generally take 90 days.

How to write a successful business plan for the Dutch self-employed visa

One of the most critical parts of your application is the business plan. The IND evaluates your plan to determine whether your work provides value to the Dutch market and if your business is likely to succeed.

A strong business plan should include:

• Executive summary: A clear, concise overview of your business and goals.
• Market analysis: Details about your industry, target market, and competition in the Netherlands.
• Services and marketing strategy: A breakdown of what you offer and how you’ll promote your business.
• Financial forecast: Estimated income, client pipeline, budget, and expenses for the first 1–3 years.

For the general self-employed visa, your business will be scored in three areas: personal experience, business setup, and market value. You’ll need a high score to qualify.

If you’re applying under the DAFT visa, the business plan is still required but is reviewed with far more flexibility. The emphasis is on proving that you’re self-employed and financially sustainable, rather than demonstrating broad economic impact.

Taxation and compliance for self-employed workers in the Netherlands

Once you’re approved and operating, you must comply with Dutch tax laws and social security requirements.

This includes:

• Registering with the Belastingdienst (Tax Authority) for income tax and VAT (BTW) if applicable.
• Keeping accurate financial records and invoicing clients correctly.
• Filing quarterly VAT returns and annual income tax returns.
• Paying into the Dutch social security system, which funds healthcare, unemployment, and pensions.
• Holding valid Dutch health insurance, which is mandatory for all residents.

For first-time expats, these requirements can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re also trying to build your business. Failing to register or file correctly can result in penalties, backdated taxes, or even the cancellation of your residency.

How a Dutch Employer of Record can support independent professionals and freelancers

Suppose you want to work independently in the Netherlands but don’t want the burden of setting up a legal business, registering with multiple authorities, or managing complex tax filings. In that case, there is another option: partnering with a Dutch Employer of Record (EOR).

An EOR is a third-party organisation that legally employs you on paper, even though you’re still responsible for finding your own clients or performing your services. This setup allows you to live and work in the Netherlands with a compliant employment structure, without needing to navigate every legal step on your own.

How an EOR helps:

• Issues a Dutch employment contract in your name.
• Registers you for taxes, social security, and health insurance.
• Handles monthly payroll, including tax deductions and contributions.
• Helps ensure you remain compliant with IND requirements.
• Often supports visa sponsorship or work eligibility when needed.

This model benefits professionals who want to work with Dutch clients but don’t meet the criteria for a traditional work permit. It suits those who value the stability and benefits of being employed rather than taking on the full business responsibilities. It’s also a practical option for individuals who would rather avoid managing tax filings, social security registration, or other administrative tasks. For many, it offers a simpler alternative to navigating the complexities of the DAFT or self-employed visa route.

For example, Sophie, a Canadian UX consultant, moved to Amsterdam to work with several Dutch clients. While she considered applying for a self-employed visa, the administrative burden of writing a business plan, registering with multiple authorities, and managing Dutch taxes felt overwhelming.

Instead, she partnered with a Dutch Employer of Record (EOR). The EOR issued her a compliant local employment contract, handled her tax and social security contributions, and gave her access to benefits like healthcare and pension. This allowed Sophie to work independently in the Netherlands without setting up a business, freeing her to focus on client work while remaining fully compliant.

In many cases, an EOR can speed up your path to living and working legally in the Netherlands, while still giving you flexibility and freedom over your day-to-day work.

Get a self-employed visa in Netherlands

Securing a self-employed visa in the Netherlands, whether through the general route or the DAFT visa, offers international professionals a gateway to build their careers in a thriving European market. However, it’s not a process to take lightly. From preparing a solid business plan to staying on top of tax and compliance obligations, working legally in the Netherlands requires planning, precision, and ongoing effort.

Working with a Dutch Employer of Record is a smart alternative for those who want the freedom of freelancing without the administrative complexity. You can focus on your clients and your work, while the EOR handles the paperwork that keeps you legal, protected, and compliant.

Thinking of working independently in the Netherlands? Talk to us about how an Employer of Record can support your move, without the stress of going it alone.